The Differences Between Local Governments And Political...

As urban populations grew rapidly during the late nineteenth century, political machines become a mechanism to deal with the problems and new challenges that the cities encountered. The increased population required more solutions to solve problems regarding the distribution of resources as well as public services. In many ways, the political machines provided solutions to individuals in urban cities, but it was only done in exchange for votes and did not solve collective problems the cities faced. Reformers who wanted to change the inadequate and corrupt governments that existed in cities attempted to do so by recreating the rules and structure of local governments. The tension that rose from this transition represented both the distinct†¦show more content†¦Political machines began to surface from 1870 -1940 due to a combination of social and political events that simultaneously occurred in the United States. In addition to the natural growth and increase in American cit izens, more than 30 million immigrants came to the United States at this time, in which most of them poured into the cities. Industrial growth, the rise of big businesses, and new ways of transportation and distribution all contributed to the growth of cities. A new wave of politicians capitalized on these new social phenomena with the assistance of three main political changes during this period. First, the expansion of male suffrage coupled with the explosive growth of cities created a massive increase in electorate that politicians could profit from. Secondly, the expansion of city government and their necessary roles created opportunities for politicians to fill these roles and solve the arising problems of the rapidly expanding cities. Finally, the competitive nature of the elections served as an incentive for politicians to strategically organize themselves to garner votes in the most efficient and effective way possible. For a long time, political machines served as organizat ions that filed the necessary roles in an organized and efficient manner. While the patron client relationship was at the core of the relationship between the constituents and the committeemen, a complex and hierarchical organizationShow MoreRelatedVoting The Voting Rights Act1446 Words   |  6 Pages or PIE, refers to the eligible voting population. The composition of the party in the electorate can help and hurt the candidates running for office, as the electorate can vote candidates either in or out of office. Over the course of American government, the most recent changes and influences to the electorate include the passage of the Voting Rights Act, as well as the recent Supreme Court decision in Shelby County v. Holder. For example, the video Fight for the Right to Vote, features one expertsRead MoreHoward Spodeks Chapter 17 Notes Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesof cotton thread. o In Britain, coal miners were seeking more efficient ways of pumping water out of mine shafts, enabling deeper digging. o New productivity of the machines transformed Britain’s economy. o India’s industrial position was reverse as the country became a supplier of raw cotton to Britain and an importer of machine-manufactured cotton textiles from Britain. †¢ Capital Goods: Iron, Steam Engines, Railways, and Steamships o 1775- Iron industry relocated to the coal and iron fieldsRead MoreNew Orleans Chooses Home Rule Charter1642 Words   |  7 PagesOrleans is governed by a Home Rule Charter. The Home Rule gives a municipality the power and authority to determine how it city should be governed. Without this power a state can make it difficult for a city to function. It can be because of political differences, old grudges, or just because it can. The state can cause economic and financial hardship. The Municipality can be given as much or as little power as the state sees fit, because municipalities are creatures of the state. Before a Home RuleRead MorePublic Administration : The Creation And Enforcement Of Public Policy993 Words   |  4 Pagesconjoining the discipline or study a form of the political process. Inherently, public administration branched from Social Science then into own identity from Political Science. Public administration would not exist without its major contributors, and although, there is a large list of those who contributed to Public Administration the focus of most significant philanthropists are Woodrow Wilson, Frederick Taylor, and Max Weber. Bureaucracy is part of the government s administration that reaches every levelRead MoreInternational Region And Its Impact On Foreign Policy Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesstates coexisting in geographical closeness as interrelated units that sustain significant security, economic, and political relations. Regionalization can be conceived as the growth of societal integration within a given region, including the undirected processes of social and economic interaction among the units. Similarly, the term regionalism refers to the proneness of the governments and peoples of two or more states to establish voluntary associations and to pool together resources in order toRead MorePublic Health Organization Partnerships : An Organization1681 Words   |  7 Pagesregistration and signing of partnership agreements. Government regulation The government regulates corporations as they are more profitable, partnerships though they have a high number of partners and sales its profit margins are lower than corporations and hence its regulations are not as strict as in corporations. Examples of public health partnerships Public health partnerships with public authorities. This kind of partnership occurs between two or more public authorities a public health facilityRead MoreThe Public Health Act Of 18481217 Words   |  5 Pages‘widespread that the government had to act’. The personal outbreak and fear of another outbreak of cholera which took place again in 1837-38 forced the government to pass the first Public Health Act in 1848. Not only did this act bring in significant change it also allowed the establishment of local health boards which would build and maintain drains, sewers, toilets and supply fresh water to the citizens. If 10% of the population asked for a board or an area had a death rate of 23 per 1000 theyRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States840 Words   |  4 Pagesexpanding Jewish control through claim of space, and by oppressing Palestinians through displacement. When building projects take place in Jerusalem, no matter the scale, there are almost always ulterior motives, and the construction projects make local (a nd often national) news. The expansion of Jerusalem is driven by a desire to expand the Jewish state. Because Palestinians are the oppressed minority, the powerful controlling Jewish growth forces have been very successful in expanding the JewishRead MoreChina s Political And Social Structures1015 Words   |  5 Pagesemerging political power in the world, a power that in a short amount of time turned from a third-rate industrial nation with lots of raw potential, to the second largest economy and one of the largest militaries in the world. But is China’s political and social structures unique? Certainly, the Chinese system possesses certain aspects similar to what already exists in other modern nation-states and their governments, however, it is how these pieces coelute together into a coherent political and economicRead MoreHow A Mnc Effect Or Effected By Home Host Country Environment1344 Words   |  6 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this report is to define understand how a MNC effect or effected by Home Host country environments. Due to increasing global competition, changes in economic political system business organisation are facing rapid change in business environment. The world is separated politically financially into 200 countries separate countries where each country has its own laws, judiciary system and boundary regulations. We will be discussing how a MNC adapt these differentials

Communication, Religion, And Culture - 1809 Words

In the macrocosm of life, there are several features that culminate together to form an individuals existence. However, there are three major features that often dictate the course of an individual s life. Those facets are communication, religion, and culture. Communication, as a field of study, is arguably one of the most extensive and elaborate topics. Regardless of the station of life, the sector of work, or complexity of establishment, communication is used. Communication is necessary for life to function. Not only that, but it is especially necessary for life to function well. With this in mind, it becomes easier for one to recognize it s importance. In the same way, religion can be identified as another major facet of an†¦show more content†¦This microcosm will be seen to maintain the attributes of the macrocosm: communication, religion, and culture. Examples will be cited through a variety of choral circumstances, but they are not indicative of differentiation betwee n the styles. By viewing choral assembly as a microcosm, one might be able to better grasp its representation of a complex structure that encompasses human existence. Background In order to extend the understanding of choral assembly, it is necessary to look its historical contributions. Most commonly, choir music has been attributed to the era of Antiquity, leading to the Renaissance, Baroque, Classical and Romantic periods. Individuals often think of choral literature, such as George Frideric Handel s Messiah, or the Requiem in D minor by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. While this is not incorrect, it definitely lacks a significant portion of history that is preceding and proceeding. Dated from 1446 B.C. - 1260 B.C., the book of Exodus relates the event of Moses leading the people of Israel out of Egypt, their enslavers. Following their escape, the writer of Exodus(most probably Moses) recounts an interesting occurrence. In the fifteenth chapter of the book, the narrative follows, â€Å"Then Moses and the people of Israel sang this song to the LORD, saying, I will sing to the LORD, for he has triumphed gloriously; the horse and his rider he has thrown into the Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Nonverbal Communication1194 Words   |  5 PagesCommunication plays a key role in every culture, but the importance or preference a culture places on verbal or nonverbal communication differs greatly. The country of Japan is a high-context culture, which means their society places a greater importance on nonverbal communication rather than verbal communication. In order to understand why Japan places such importance on nonverbal communication, the way they verbally communicate with others needs to be discussed first. Many cultures outside of JapanRead MoreThe International House At Jacksonville State University1153 Words   |  5 Pagesethnic groups within a society. A great example of diversity is the International House at Jacksonville State University. Where 23 different nationalities, including the United States, live in a house and share day to day experiences and exchange cultures. Living at the international house is a great experience to mature and learn about the world. Diversity is a really strong word, it can be scary at first to experience it, but it actually fills you up with more knowledge than anyone. A person thatRead MoreMy Cultural Identity1007 Words   |  5 PagesAsia. I am Muslim and my religion is Islam. I am from Pakistan, Sind, Karachi by the specific area from Shah Faisal Colony no. 2. The main values, norms, and traditions that I belongs to Asian typical culture more into strict rules and regulation such as respect our religion and follow all the important instructions that I learned from my family, friends and teachers. Many Asian people follow their norms by which they belongs but many of them are similar to many culture such as caring, helping peopleRead MoreThe Common Themes Of Environmental Effects On Religion1565 Words   |  7 Pagesto the functions and behaviors of ancient civilizations. There are many commonalities that are existent in many civilizations, but three clearly emerge, as t hey are fundamental to many societies’ cultures. The common themes of environmental effects on religion, combination of organized religion and culture and the formation of an organized language have all proven to be present throughout all stages of history and each all seem to play a major rule in a civilization’s ability to grow, thrive, expandRead MoreHuman Primates, Humans, And Humans1679 Words   |  7 Pagesdiffer from other species. There is a substantial gap between non-human primate and fully developed human. Here we will discuss on the three significant ways in which human beings are different than other animals in terms of biology, cognition and culture. Firstly, humans are biologically different from our non-human primate in our ability to communicate through speech with the use of our unique vocal tract. The morphological changes in our vocal tract allow us to produce many different types of soundsRead MoreIntercultural Communication At The National Allia nce Party ( Tna ) Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pages NAME: WAINAINA A. N. ID NO: 638552 COURSE: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION COURSE CODE: COM 1500 INSTRUCTOR: NGINDA R. DATE: 6TH JUNE 2016 ASSIGNMENT: IMPORTANCE OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN YOUR LINE OF STUDY. INTRODUCTION My name is Amanda Wainaina, and I am currently pursuing a bachelor’s degree in International Relations. The main area of focus l have decided to undertake is Development Studies whilst also taking a minor in Management. Furthermore, I am currently interning at TheRead MoreThai vs Western Culture1605 Words   |  7 Pages Many countries have different religions and cultures. Culture is a form of human intellectual achievements. It is like learning a human’s behavior pattern. It does not matter what background you have or which part of the world you are from, everybody has a culture in them in some way. It involves interactions between people, for example verbal communication, non verbal communication and or facial expressions. For verbal communication people tend to greet each other in the politest way using commonRead MoreCross Culture Of Cross Cultural Marriage1299 Words   |  6 PagesCross-cultural marriage is a marriage composed of two culturally diverse individual who independently posses distinct national cultures. Cheung (2005) stated that it is generally accepted in long-term marriage literature that the five â€Å"C† are important elements that contribute to long-term marital satisfaction. The five Cs are commitment, caring, communication, conflict and compromise, and contract which refers to the marital partners’ implicit and explicit expectations of each other and their marriagesRead MoreEssay on Hinduism1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe Hindu religion and culture is a very complex subject. The Hindu religion combines rich ethnical and standard beliefs. We will take a closer look and try to understand the Hindu religion and culture. The Hindu religion is the oldest religion of the five major religions, which are Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism (Major World Religions, 2006). The Hindu religion began to develop about 4.000 years ago in India, but it there was no single founder or system of belief (Major WorldRead MoreIbo People Essay examples1127 Words   |  5 Pagesactions cannot be considered savage. The Ibo are highly religious; the base of most of their daily life revolves around religion, whether it is how they raise their families or how they grow crops, such as yams. * In a savage setting, the parents would usually not bother to educate their children or abandon them at a very early age to fend for themselves. In the Ibo culture, the children learn socially complex skills, morals and discipline, which shows evidence of a civilized society. *

Environmental Law

Environmental Law- Enforcement measures and effect Essay iveness in Pollution, why is it still running rampant in our environment today ? Are there no laws to control or stop it ? In regards to these questions, Canada has a great many laws to stop and regulate pollution. But despite this, why is it still happening. What are Canadas so called enforcement measures and are they effective ? We have the Environmental Bill of Rights and the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, just to name a few.Sure some polluters break these laws and get caught, but all they get is a slap on the wrist; why is that ? Some even have the gual to pollute again.Acid rain and hazardous wastes are just two of the many problems plaguing our environment today, but nothing is really being done about them; why ?Finally what is the polluters point of view in all of this ?To begin with, in some areas there are both federal and provincial legislation to ensure that companies and individuals respect the environment. Federally the central piece of legislation in Canada is t he Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA). CEPA is the consolidation of five statutes: The Environmental Contaminants Act, the Air Quality Act, the Canada Water Act, the Ocean Dumping Act, and the Department of the Environment Act. ( Muldon, 1995, p. 23) The CEPA contains important penalties and sanctions; provisions for the collection of information and for evaluation; provisions for the control of importation and exportation of toxic substances; and provisions for the reduction of wastes, the cleanup of coastal zones, the protection of the ozone layer; the reduction of acid rain and urban smog; and provisions for the development of regulations. All provinces and territories have enacted their own legislation, establishing generalenvironmental rights and responsibilities; but the level of environmental protection established is not equal all across Canada. Generally, it can be said that each province and territory regulates the discharge of contaminants into the environment b y requiring licenses and permits and by invoking penalties. The regulated matters include environmental impact assessment, waste management, drinkable water standards, and land conservation. (Morrison, 1991, p24) Also, provinces and territories dealwith several other matters indirectly affecting the environment, such as the regulation ofcommercial or industrial activities like mining, agriculture, and transportation. In Ontario, the four main statutes are the Ontario Environmental Protection Act (OEPA), the Ontario Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR), the Ontario Environmental Assessment Act, and the Ontario Water Resources Act (OWRA). OEPA provides for the protection of the natural environment, which is defined very broadly. It also creates the Environmental Appeal Board. OWRA is concerned with the protection of all surface waters and ground waters. Both acts prohibit the discharge of a contaminant into the natural environment that causes or is likely to cause an adverse effect or t hat impairs or is likely to impair the quality of the water. (Morrison, 1991, p. 33) The Ontario Environmental Bill of Rights provides for increased public participation rights and creates the Environmental Bill of Rights Commissioner.Moreover the EBR was established in 1993. It represents a new era in environmental decision makingone characterized by enhanced public participation, citizen empowerment, and greater accountability of decision makers. (Muldon, 1995, p.15) The new rights and responsibilities in the legislation require politicians, policy makers, lawyers, activists, and citizens to rethink and modify their usual ways of looking at environmental problems. It is hoped that the EBR will promote positive strategies such as waste reduction, energy and water conservation, and green industry development. (Muldon, 1995, p.16) Finally, there are also many specific laws dealing with specific industries. Such as the Pesticides Act, The Ontario Water Resource Act, the Energy Efficie ncy Act etc. .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 , .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .postImageUrl , .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 , .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6:hover , .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6:visited , .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6:active { border:0!important; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6:active , .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6 .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f8ac9ab61bb3895d6c38d0051df82d6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Vietnam Veterans Memorial Essay What happens to polluters who break these laws ? In Ontario most environmental offenders break the laws outlined in the EPA. When they do, the companies or persons are charged with the offenses committed and brought to trial. In Ontario there were 1, 546 charges laid in 1994 about half of those were convicted. (Parker, March, p.36) When found guilty the judge has a number of ways to punish the offender. One of the ways are through fines. In the CEPA it permits fines

The Formality Of Baking Essay Example For Students

The Formality Of Baking Essay The Formality Of Baking Baking is a method that requires meticulous concentrating which can be joyous as well as frustrating. In order to understand baking it is necessary to grasp the basics. To understand the basics is practicing and conditioning yourself the proper methods of doing so. One of the easiest dough to assemble is the straight dough method, which is a combination of water, yeast, sugar, milk solids, butter and salt. The salt is added last because it inhibits the growth of the yeast. All of the ingredients are mixed in a mixing bowl(Gisslen, p68, ch4). The straight dough method is a starter point to making dough. There are many varieties to dough that require different attention. Lean dough requires a lesser amount of fat and sugar and therefore it is the leanest of all bread products. The types of breads that have fewer amounts of fat and sugar are French, Italian, Kaiser rolls, and pizza bread(Gisslen, p66, ch4). There are doughs with a higher fat content which provide a taster result. The short dough has a very high fat content. The short dough consist of having flour, sugar, and fat which makes the product such as a cookie or a pastry very crumbly and tender(http://www.bakingterms.com, 5/24/2005). There are many people who love croissants and Danish pastrys. To make a croissants or Danish pastry there needs to be a rolled in fat dough method. The rolled in fat dough method is when fat is incorporated into the dough in many layers by using a rolling and folding procedure. By alternating the layers of fat and dough it gives the baked product a flaky texture(Gisslen, p66, ch4). Pies are a desert favorite. Making a pie depends on what kind of filling is used. A pie can have a Pumpkin, squash, even sweet potato filling. A pie that includes fruits such as apple or blueberries is best to consider the cooked juice method. The cooked juiced method is when the gel is made separately by cooking fruit juice, water, and sugar with starch. The gel is mixed i n with the fruit, this method is used when the fruit requires little or no cooking before filling(Gisslen, ch11, p243). Corn starch is important to cream pies because it sets up into a firm gel that holds its shape when sliced, also it may be used for fruit pies as well(Gisslen, p242, ch11). To make sure that a pie is stable it is wise to have mealy dough, mealy dough is when the fat is blended into the flour more thoroughly, until the mixture looks like cornmeal. The mealy dough is best used as a bottom crust to prevent sogginess(Gisslen, p235, ch11). To produce a cake that is editable a basic sponge method is useful. A sponge method is a basic cake batter that includes egg foam, egg yolks, sugar, and sifted flour folded in(Gisslen, p329, Ch14). If being fancy is your cup of tea a creaming method is wonderful, it begins with the blending of fat and sugar. It is used for cakes and cookies, very useful for products that have high fat and sugar content. Great for cakes(Gisslen, p326, ch14). To make a cake more appealing in texture, whipping cream can be added. Whipping cream has a high fat content of thirty to forty percent, the higher the fat content in the whipping cream the less likely it is to weep or separate into liquid and foam(Gisslen, p44, ch3). To have a taste of France making a Pate a choux would be ideal. Pate a choux means cabbage paste referring to cream puffs that look like little cabbages. It consist of water, milk, half water or milk, shortening, salt, bread flour, and eggs(Gisslen, p279, ch12). Making dough from scratch can be a tricky process. To make bread will include having flour. The best flour to use will be bread flour. Bread flour is also called wheat flour; since there are a variety of flours it is best to become knowledgeable of which flour is being used. Bread flour is slightly coarse when rubbed between the fingers, if it is squeezed into a lump in the hand it falls apart as .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d , .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .postImageUrl , .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d , .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d:hover , .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d:visited , .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d:active { border:0!important; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d:active , .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f6c687dccc3de126c3cee6e0a17e73d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: TITLE Essay Summary We will write a custom essay on The Formality Of Baking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Free Essays on The Road Not Taken

Life, Decisions and Consequences The writer Robert Frost in the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† emphasizes how the life has its own surprises and uncertainties and its own up and downs. Frost can be the speaker in this poem. He has to take a life decision, â€Å" Two road diverged in a yellow wood† the road represents the journey of our lives. No one knows where the road will lead us or what the future will bring us. There are many decision that might we have to take, we try to predict and wonder what is the wisest decision to be made. But there are pros and cows in any specific choice that we have to make. Sometimes we succeed and we make the right decision and some other times we fail to successful in the decision that we make. Is the dilemma that makes our life interesting and worth living. Because if one knows what everyday would bring than life could have no meaning. If we do not succeed, we pay for the consequences but we also learn from those experiences and in this way we can challenge and be stronger to face other difficulties of life. Frost tries to show this by describing the road that â€Å"it was grassy and wanted wear† where the grassy means the road that most of the people had not walk and â€Å"wanted wear† was one of his desire to discover the unknown. It was the one that he will chose and start exploring on something new. The speaker’s eyes try to see â€Å"the undergrowth† wondering if he can see which route to take but he cannot because his eyes can not see so far. He tries but is difficult to understand which route he should take. He thinks if he should take the common route or the other one that not to many people took. He is in dilemma because all his life depends on his decision. The man thinks on negative way for the two routs but at the same time he seems undecided and scared if he is not going to take the right decision and if will be the right one. â€Å"Two roads in the wood† represent th... Free Essays on The Road Not Taken Free Essays on The Road Not Taken â€Å"The Road Not Taken† By: Robert Frost In the â€Å"Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost, up until the last stanza the poem appeared to be concerning only on the choice between two roads in a woods. The final stanza, however, gave a significance to the apparent choice that was incompatible with just the choice between two roads in a woods because this seemingly insignificant choice ended up â€Å"making all the difference.† Many times in life people are faced with choices to make that, at the time, seem insignificant, although, in the long run prove to have made a great impact on their life’s course. I, myself, have experienced this very situation more than once- one of which being whether to attend college or to go to work. At the time this seemed to be just a choice, only now, four years later, am I seeing the significance of making the choice I did. When I was graduating from High School I was faced with the decision of whether to attend college and make a career choice or to just join the work force and become independent. Only a couple of people in my family had gone to college, and only one actually got a degree- the rest went to work. It seemed to me that going to college would be much harder, however, would yield higher results. At which time, I decided to pursue a college degree. In High School I had concentrated on medical studies, which I decided to follow up with in college. I soon saw that this was something I was interested in, however, not what I wanted to spend my career doing. I took some time off from school to work and to see just what the difference would be had I decided not to continue with pursuing a degree. In applying for positions, I immediately saw the benefit of continuing my education. Not only does having a degree give you a competitive edge when you do venture out into the working world, i.e., better jobs are available for you, it is easier to climb the ladder to higher positions, the pay... Free Essays on The Road Not Taken In Robert Frost’s The Road Not Taken there are many things that can be interpreted several ways. This is my interpretation. Frost begins the poem by describing two roads diverging in a yellow wood. The two roads represent a decision. Do you travel one journey or the other? The yellow wood to me means that it is getting towards the autumn of the day. Meaning that the decision can’t be put off much longer. He then describes being sorry he could not travel both. We often have decision that we would like to do both things or travel both roads. But in the next line Frost says being one traveler long I stood. One person can not be in two places or follow two paths. It is usually not clear which path we should follow or which decision is the correct one. Since the decision is not easy the traveler stands for a long time. We often think about our decisions for a long time, making sure it is the correct one. Because as the traveler knows we can not turn back. Once the path is taken, we are on it until the end. He looks down one as far as he can see until he is unable to see the path for its turns and ben ds. In life we can look ahead to the immediate results of our decisions but usually can not see very far. We do not know what lies ahead around that next curve or bend. The traveler studies the second path as well, studying all possible decisions closely. The second path appears to be slightly less used. The path is grown up with grass and has not had as much wear as the other. Both paths appear appealing to him even though one is in better condition. He gives a little foreshadowing of his ultimate decisions by telling us that the second, grassier, path has the better claim. The second path upon his seeing it immediately has his eye. When he studies it more he says that really they are pretty much worn the same. When we make hard decisions we often jump back and forth between the choices at hand. We find good things and bad in all choi... Free Essays on The Road Not Taken â€Å"The Road Not Taken† In Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken,† the speaker stands in the woods, considering a split in the road. Both ways are similarly worn, and equally overlaid with un-trodden leaves. The speaker chooses one, telling himself that he will take the other another day. Yet he knows it is unlikely that he will have the chance to do so. And he admits that someday in the future he will recreate the scene with a slight twist: he will claim that he took the less-traveled road. The whole poem is an extended metaphor, where Frost describes a path in the woods that is directly comparable to a major decision in life. In this case, the narrator is â€Å"lost† in the poem, both on the trail, and in his life. "The Road Not Taken" consists of four stanzas of five lines each having an identical rhyme scheme of ABAAB. The first, third, and fourth lines in every stanza rhyme, along with the second and fifth lines. Thus, allowing the poem to flow at a smoother and steadier pace. There are four stressed syllables per line, forming an iambic tetrameter base. The majority of the lines contain nine syllables. This structure is maintained through out the poem. The stanzas are arranged like that of a thought. One continues to undermine the other, much like decision making. Our first thoughts are always second-guessed by our second and so forth until we make our final decision, which cancels out all that was thought before. This is what Frost manages to do in the arrangement of his stanzas. Imagery is the primary concept of this work thus being the means used by Frost to transmit the poems message. The two roads are each described in such a way that the reader can easy picture the dilemma faced by the traveler. Image is so precise that we can picture the first road bending to the right while the other bends in the opposite direction. In the first stanza, (line 1) Frost introduces the elements of his primary metaphor: the diver... Free Essays on The Road Not Taken The Road Not Taken I decided to do â€Å"The Road Not Taken† by Robert Frost. When people read the poem without any other interpretation or knowledge of it the most popular interpretation is that Frost is talking about his own life in this poem. I was convinced that was the case until I decided to do this paper. I will be focusing on what appears to be very obvious in the poem but after looking a little deeper is untrue. That portion I am talking about is the sigh in the fourth stanza of the poem. A simple sigh out of someone’s mouth could be interpreted many ways. It could be tension, a thought, or just exhaling from a deep breath. In the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, by Robert Frost, many argue as to what the ‘sigh’ towards the end of the poem actually means. Some think it is a shift of tone in the poem, others say that it signifies that he is unhappy about the road that he has taken in his life. Little do they know, they are all very wrong. In fact, the poem is not written about Frost at all. This shows the simple ways that a poem can easily be misinterpreted. The history of why a poem was written can dramatically change the meaning of a poem and the way that it is read. Robert Frost’s â€Å"The Road Not Taken† is a great example. The literal meaning of this poem by Robert Frost is pretty obvious. A traveler comes to a fork in the road and needs to decide which way to go to continue his journey. After much thought, the traveler picks the road "less traveled by." The poem describes the tough choices people make when traveling the road of life. The traveler regrets leaving the road he has already passed by and realizes that he probably won’t travel that same way again. I’m sure many of us could compare similar instances in their own lives to the one Frost describes in the poem. Robert Frost began writing â€Å"The Road Not Taken† in England in 1914, and completed it in Franconia before his first publ... Free Essays on The Road Not Taken Life, Decisions and Consequences The writer Robert Frost in the poem â€Å"The Road Not Taken† emphasizes how the life has its own surprises and uncertainties and its own up and downs. Frost can be the speaker in this poem. He has to take a life decision, â€Å" Two road diverged in a yellow wood† the road represents the journey of our lives. No one knows where the road will lead us or what the future will bring us. There are many decision that might we have to take, we try to predict and wonder what is the wisest decision to be made. But there are pros and cows in any specific choice that we have to make. Sometimes we succeed and we make the right decision and some other times we fail to successful in the decision that we make. Is the dilemma that makes our life interesting and worth living. Because if one knows what everyday would bring than life could have no meaning. If we do not succeed, we pay for the consequences but we also learn from those experiences and in this way we can challenge and be stronger to face other difficulties of life. Frost tries to show this by describing the road that â€Å"it was grassy and wanted wear† where the grassy means the road that most of the people had not walk and â€Å"wanted wear† was one of his desire to discover the unknown. It was the one that he will chose and start exploring on something new. The speaker’s eyes try to see â€Å"the undergrowth† wondering if he can see which route to take but he cannot because his eyes can not see so far. He tries but is difficult to understand which route he should take. He thinks if he should take the common route or the other one that not to many people took. He is in dilemma because all his life depends on his decision. The man thinks on negative way for the two routs but at the same time he seems undecided and scared if he is not going to take the right decision and if will be the right one. â€Å"Two roads in the wood† represent th...

Term Paper on Cholesterol and Lipids

Term Paper on Cholesterol and Lipids Term Paper on Cholesterol and Lipids Term Paper on Cholesterol and Lipids Need a good sample term paper on cholesterol and lipids? unites thousands of students from all over the world and native English language speakers. If you need individual help with writing, do not hesitate to use our custom term paper writing service. You may also check our free paper blog and look through our free term paper samples! Our writers can handle any term paper topic and deliver a professionally written term paper before deadline! Sample Term Paper on Cholesterol Abnormal liver tests consist of mild-to-moderate elevations of ALT and AST but marked elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase levels, reflecting interference with bile drainage. This pattern is also seen in other forms of obstruction to bile flow, and these must be ruled out when PBC is considered. Cholesterol and lipids cannot be secreted normally for the same reason and accumulate in the blood. Serum gammaglobulin levels are variably elevated. In PBC, it is the IgM type that are characteristically (but not invariably) increased. In this disease, the IgM globulins never become IgG type, as is true in infectious diseases. Serum bilirubin is not elevated until late in the disease. Liver biopsy is often necessary to differentiate this disease from several others that can be accompanied by similar liver test abnormalities. The destruction of small bile ducts can be recognized under the microscope, as can other findings associated with this disease. Fibrosis is present in variable amounts. Cirrhosis may be present when PBC is first discovered. Unfortunately, treatment of PBC is not satisfactory. Corticosteroids and azathioprine have been prospectively evaluated and found to have little effect. The former worsens the bone disease known to be present and thus is not used. Another drug that suppresses the immune system, methotrexate, has been used in an experimental setting with only moderate and largely unsatisfactory effectiveness. At the present time, it appears that only the synthetic bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (Actigall or Ursodiol) delays progression of this disease. It is given as tablets in divided doses for a total dose of 900 to 1000 mg. per day. Vitamin D and calcium supplements are advisable, because, in this disease and for unclear reasons, the metabolism of ingested vitamin D by the diseased liver is deficient. It has been observed that the resulting bone disease seen in PBC can be prevented by ingestion of this vitamin. Prognosis of PBC varies. Some patients never develop cirrhosis, while in others it progresses relatively rapidly. Liver tests are closely monitored. When the serum bilirubin becomes elevated and is consistently above a level of 3 mg/dL, evaluation for liver transplantation is recommended. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is considered to be another form of autoimmune hepatitis of the liver, although the underlying mechanism has not been definitively identified. It is characterized by inflammation in multiple scattered areas of larger bile ducts, in contrast to PBC, in which the smallest ducts are attacked.

Logistic management or supply chain management select one topic only Dissertation

Logistic management or supply chain management select one topic only - Dissertation Example Using case study research method, secondary data will be collected from different literature regarding the selected firms which include text books, journal and news articles. The next section on findings and discussion will analyse the two companies and how and what lean approaches are used to enhance operations in logistics. Finally, all the findings will be summarized and recommendations will be given on research and study. This study analyse the state of two logistic companies and their approach to the lean concept. It was found out that two companies have tried to initiate a number of lean methods’ but still a lot remains to be done. There were significant losses that were covered by the company management in both cases, by effective implementation of lean logistics approach. INTRODUCTION Optimizing a business process is essential to the long term success of the business and its returns. However, this process is complex owing to the diversity of activities, departments, an d varied requirements of each business process, especially the process industries, (Taylor, 2003). This paper conducts a study on the logistics sector companies to analyse their current operations with a lean approach and subsequently suggest improvements to enhance their logistics operations. Research Aim: The purpose of this paper is to study the current state of affairs in the field of lean logistics concepts while giving a brief study upon the theory of constraints which is similar to lean concept of management. Analyse the implication of lean concepts of management on two logistics companies and how have they been able to implement and execute the methods and related technologies. Research objectives To cite the concept of lean theory and theory of constraints with relevant literature To critically review the theory and relate them to practice of the management To recommend for the solutions to enhance logistics operations The paper has been divided into different sections. Sec tion one will refer the relevant literature regarding Lean concepts of management and theory of constraints. Section two will discuss the methodology of research design and techniques used to such implications for the selected firms. Using case study research method, secondary data will be collected from different literature regarding the selected firms which include text books, journal and news articles. Section three would help to analyze the data of the selected firms. Finally, all the findings will be summarized and recommendations will be given on research and study. LITERATURE REVIEW TOC CONCEPT Theory of Constraints (TOC) and Lean concept have become popular in recent years. The objectives of these two are the same – to provide process optimizations and performance improvements. TOC focuses the attention of the management to avoid and eliminate the few present constraints in the system. Lean approach assists managers to improve performances by eliminating all the waste activities. The TOC concepts have proved to be quite profitable by reducing inventories and lead times, and enhancing the operations within a value chain, (Eric, et.al, 1995). Giving a brief about TOC, the TOC views organizations as a source of resources which are actually interlinked with the various activities and processes. TOC further states a constraint as one that has the ability to limit the performance of the system. TOC is of the perspective that in

Does Standardized Testing Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Does Standardized Testing Work - Research Paper Example Different studies have revealed that ‘standardized tests’ are bias in nature as they are favorable for students coming from affluent family background. A ‘standardized test’ is called ‘standardized’ because it is assumed that it treats every student equally and gives everyone an equal opportunity to do well in the tests. The foundation of the ‘standardized tests’ is the fair and equal opportunity to everyone. However, with bias in its design, the foundation of standardized test has proved to be extremely weak and hence, the standardized test fails to work. The nature of standardized tests The intention of ‘standardized tests’ is to measure the learning curve and the academic progress of students. A ‘test’ is called ‘standardized’ when it is designed with a ‘standard’ format and is conducted under ‘standard conditions’ (FairTest, 2007, para.2). Hence, students giving st andardized tests have to give tests under same test conditions, with same questions and same scoring way (FairTest, 2007, para.2). This assures uniformity and objectivity in testing. Moreover, standardized tests have become a decisive factor in the process of getting admissions in schools and colleges and hence, have become extremely significant in the life of a student (and parents) (FairTest, 2007, para.2). It will not be wrong to say that ‘standardized test’ is a matter of life and ‘death’ as far as the education and professional prospects of students are concerned. Hence, it is natural for educators and parents to expect that ‘standardized test’ is designed in such a way that it measures the ‘natural’ potential of a student and not the superficial skills, which can be improved with the aid of resources available outside the school. However, it has been found that standardized test inclines in favor of students coming from afflu ent and advantageous family backgrounds and hence, proves fatal to the education system of the country (FairTest, 2007, para.5). Education has a potential to offer unconditional love, understanding, appreciation and unbiased treatment to children. Right education has the power to shape the future of the world by producing intelligent, mature and confident human beings. However, it has been found that the quality of the education is declining due to the effort in winning the race of scoring well in ‘standardized tests’ (Kohn, 2000, para.14). It has been observed that instead of measuring the natural skills like genuine understanding and intelligence, the standardized test measures the temporary skills of acquisition of facts, copying the answers and â€Å"skill of test-taking itself† (Kohn, 2000, para.14). Hence, what the tests measure is nothing but superficial skill set which does not contribute in improving the quality of learning and education in any way. Unfo rtunately, this fact also applies to the tests like SAT, MAT, CAT, CTBS and ITBS. The measurement criteria People have given importance to tests because they think that tests measure the quality of learning, teaching, intelligence and thinking ability. However, it has been found that non-referenced tests like SAT, MAT, CAT, ITBS and CTBS were designed to give ‘ranking’ to the students and not to measure the quali

Daoism and Confucnaism Notes Essay Example for Free

Daoism and Confucnaism Notes Essay Daoism is the Pinyin transliteration Taoism was the earlier Wade-Giles transcription of the same word. The sacred rituals are called li. They are essential because the ancestors will help their descendents, if treated with proper respect, or cause trouble if ignored. They beleive in nature spirits such as plants, animals, rivers, stones, mountains, stars, all parts of the natural world are vitalized by cosmic energy personified and honored as deities. Shangdi (Shang Ti) is the Lord-on-High, ruler of the universe, the supreme ancestor of the Chinese. He was a spiritual being. Deities governing aspects of the cosmos and the local enviroment are subordinate to him. This deity is conceived as masculine and closely involved in human affairs, but not a creator God. qi (chi) is a belief that the cosmos is a manifestation of an impersonal sel generating energy which is called qi. This force has two aspects whose interplay causes the ever changing phenomena of the Universe. Yin is the dark, receptive, female aspect: Yang is the bright, assertive, male aspect. Wisdon lies in recognizing their ever shifting but regular and balanced, patterns and moving with them. This creative rhtym of the universe is called the Dao (Tao) or way. Yijing ( I Ching) or the Book pf Changes it is a common source for both Daoism and Confucianism and is regarded as a classic text in both traditions. The more mystically religious ways, which are collectively called Daoism, and the more political and moral ways, which are known as Confucianism. Like yin and yang, they interpenetrate and complement each other, and are themselves evolving dynamically.

Whether or Not Macbeth is Deserving of Pity in Shakespeares Play Macbe

In the last scene of â€Å"Macbeth†, Malcolm describes Macbeth as â€Å"this dead butcher† which could be argued is the best way to sum up Macbeth’s character. The word â€Å"butcher† implies slaughter and brutality. Macbeth is certainly guilty of butchery, the cruel, senseless killing of people. Malcolm uses the word â€Å"butcher† to provoke appalling memories of Macbeth’s deeds from the audience. But could Macbeth’s behavior ever be justified? Could Macbeth ever be pitied or even excused for the actions he took? Shakespeare chooses to have Malcolm describe Macbeth as â€Å"this dead butcher† for a reason. Clearly, Malcolm loathes Macbeth for killing his father and so his choice of language, such as â€Å"butcher†, will be biased. This will also sway the audience to dislike Macbeth, because Malcolm is the hero by saving Scotland. The audience would have wanted to be on the winning side, witch is undoubtedly Malcolm‘s. At this point in the play, I don’t think Shakespeare intended the audience to pity or excuse Macbeths deeds. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth started as a well-respected thane but as he rose to power, became a guilty murderer. However, Macbeth was influenced and tricked by many others in the play and I will explain why a case could therefore be made to defend him. The three witches, or the weird sisters, approach Macbeth on a dark day in a Scottish moor. Shakespeare uses the weather to suggest that the witches are evil. The scene, with thunder and lightening, reflects the witches thoughts- which are intent on creating trouble and stirring things up. The weather also predicts a stormy future for Macbeth. The setting, â€Å"A desolate place† immediately sounds eerie and spooky. This shows that the Witches plan to manipulate Macbeth from th... ...r all he has done. I feel strongly that we are meant to feel pity for Macbeth at the end of the play. I believe that the Shakespearian audience would not have excused Macbeth for the murder of the Macduffs but perhaps for the murder of banquoe, because it was torture for Macbeth to think becoming king was all for nothing if Banquo’s offspring succeeded the throne after himself. I do not think the audience are meant to regard Macbeth as just a â€Å"butcherâ€Å", because of the shame Macbeth clearly feels at the end. Although Macbeth is guilty of the deception of his best friend, his king, as well as his subjects, he can be excused because he was manipulated by many others in the play such as his wife and the witches. I feel that the actual play Macbeth is quite relevant for the 21st centaury. The moral is still significant today. The themes in Macbeth are relevant too.

Commercal Production Of Bovine Somatropin

Somatropin is a hormone naturally released by the Anterior Pituitary gland. Its release is mediated by the releasing hormone produced by the Hypothalamus, Growth Hormone releasing factor. Somatropin is a peptide hormone. It promotes normal body growth and lactation.Bovine Somatropin is the Somatropin produced in cattle. Since the hormone is a peptide, it is digested by peptidases in the gastrointestinal tract hence, it is not orally active. Somatropin is produced commercially using Recombinant DNA technology. The Somatropin so produced is called Recombinant bovine Somatropin (rBST). A bacteria e. g.E coli is used. The gene that codes for Somatropin is identified in the cow DNA and inserted into the DNA of E. coli. The E. coli is fermented and thus, the Somatropin is produced en masse. Through a process of isolation and purification, fairly large, commercial quantities are produced. The product may be marketed as a weekly or fortnightly injection. rBST is of immense value to the cattl e industry as it significantly increases the yield of milk produced by cattle. This is does by increasing the appetite of these cattle. Also the blood flow to the mammary gland is increased as it increases cardiac output.Also it has been reported in literature that the administration of Somatropin leads to a decrease in body fat level. This could mean healthier meats to eat. However, it produces a negative influence on the level of reproduction in animals chronically on bovine Somatropin. Also an increased risk of mastitis is also suggested in animals on which the hormone is administered. REFERENCES. 1. F. Laurent, B. Vignon and D. Coomas (1992). Influence of Bovine Somatotropin on the Composition and Manufacturing Properties of Milk. Accessed from http://www. jds. fass. org/cgi/reprint/75/8/2226. pdf 2. http://encyclopedia. farlex. c

Internet Makes Life Better Essay

Nowadays, with the development of the Internet, our life becomes more convenient than any time in the past. With the click of the mouse, you can find everything on the Internet including shopping, communication, entertainment, study, and so on. Do you know how many percent of people on the Earth have access into the Internet? – 21% In the United States, 74% of American adults use the Internet. 94% of students in the US are using the Internet. 60% of American adults use broadband connections at home.55% of American adults connect to the internet wirelessly, either through a WiFi or WiMax connection via their laptops or through a handheld device like a smart phone. Because of the Internet, we can do shopping without going to the store which is located far away. Online shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet. It is a form of electronic commerce. We can talk with a people who are away 10,000 miles with high quality of voice and images. Brought us closer to people those are in another part of the world: video calls with Skype, Online support calls so I don’t have to drive 2 hours to a client site. Telephone: Voice over IP or VOIP Besides, we can find tons of information by one click on Google.com, Yahoo.com, and so on. Other conveniences of the Internet: Online banking. Driving Directions .We can work or study from anywhere in the world. In conclusion, I believe the Internet makes life better. I cannot live one day happily without Internet.

Children with Additional Needs Essay Example

Children with Additional Needs Essay Example Children with Additional Needs Essay Children with Additional Needs Essay Children with Additional Needs Name: School: Course/Number: Date: Instructor Name: Children with Additional Needs Early childhood educators have a big role to play in identifying children with additional needs that parents might not be in position to identify, as they are not trained in early childhood development. It is very crucial that children are monitored by professional early childhood educators to recognize the needs that a child might need as he grows up to ensure maximum outcome in their education life (Hannell, 2006). The Early Years Learning Framework provides the educators with a framework to follow in educating the young children to identify children with additional needs. The EYLF program suggests having early childhood educators monitor children in their activities such as games, in order to identify their development, considering that young children learn though games. Use of early childhood educators in identifying children with additional needs for children below the age of five years by working together with families raises the chances of finding out whether a child needs add itional help to learn, which is beneficial for their future. Theoretical frameworks involve the educators by assessing the progress of learning in the children. This is done through putting down and evaluating the information by comparing it with the expected outcome of the learning undertaken. Using documentation and evaluation of children performances, the educators are in position to plan the future learning of the children since they are able to know the way they learn (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). Moreover, the educators are able to track how children are making progress in attaining their objectives and what could be the problem if they are not doing well. The educators are able to find out children who are in need of extra or special attention to achieve their expected outcomes, and help the families in providing special needs to the child, and they are in position to realize what might best suit the child’s needs to learn (Spiker, Hebbeler, Wagner, Cameto McKenna, 2000) Philosophical framework suggests using a capability approach in identifying the differences of each child in relation to their social institution, and poverty level that brings about inequality in learning. It aims at realizing what social policies need to be equalized such as the environment that is to assess earning equality, and the kind of measures to use in order to analyze each child’s strengths and weaknesses (Terzi, 2005). According to Terzi (2005), capabilities are defined in terms of, â€Å"the real opportunities and freedoms that people have to achieve these valued functioning.† She further suggests that in order to assess a person, one needs to consider the differences of each person in relation to their abilities such as personal traits, difference in relation to external circumstances such as culture, and their ability to convert input to output. In this regard, the educators can balance the environment for all the children to have equal opportunities depe nding on their differences. Most of the children who need additional needs to learn usually have a problem that hinders normal learning such as some disability, autism, development disorder, and mental condition that might hinder their ability to learn normally. The legislative framework comes in place to provide rights to equal education for such children through formulating laws that ensure that they have equal opportunity just like the others. In Australia, the legal systems provide that all children with special needs be given an opportunity at provincial level. Ongan Emily (2005) point out â€Å"in Australia, a legislative framework was established that made it unlawful to discriminate against on grounds of disability.† In order to identify children with special needs, the government provides training to the educators to impart them with more knowledge of early childhood learning process (Keeves Watanabe, 2003). The educators are taught how to evaluate the children’s level of functionality a nd how to develop a plan for each child in the different categories of their learning (Brian Delvin, 2004). The policy framework for children with additional needs in Australia has contributed largely to its development, since it provides that there should be preschool education that helps to detect the needs of the children. The policy framework is about set rules that protect the right of children with special needs, and resembles legislative framework. The policy framework provides that, preschools for transition into school are provided, which the EYLF aims to achieve in its curriculum (Kronemann, 1999). In identification of children with additional needs, there are bound to be barriers and difficulties in achieving this. Some of the barriers are personal differences, cultural barriers, and environmental influence on each particular child as discussed earlier. More so, families that may not understand the needs of their children may not come to terms with their children being treated different from others. Other barriers are affordability of the preschool provision that might not be accessible to all the poor families (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007). On the other hand, the benefits of early identification of children needs are very beneficial to their future since the right help can be accorded to them. This benefits as discussed below with EYLF contribution, are identification of the needs creating a better base for their learning, and helping the children realize their potential and feel part of the community. The EYLF program has a strong framework for which children at the early age can be engaged in learning communication skills, understanding others, being active learners, and building up the identity of the child. The EYLF defines that identifying children with special needs involves finding out how each individual learns and the speed at which they learn compared to children of the same age, noting that different children will learn in different ways. â€Å"The diversity in family life means that children experience belonging, being and becoming in many different ways. They bring different perspectives, expectations, knowledge and skills to their learning,† (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). The program set out learning outcome guide meant for guiding the educators in their daily activities with the children through identifying the strengths that the children bear as well as their weaknesses in order to find out what their needs are in developing their skills. The EYLF recogni zes that children learn well through playing that provides them with an opportunity to discover new things, build their creativity and imagination. This way, the EYLF helps the young children in identifying their needs in learning, and the educators can find out whether a child will need special or additional needs in order to learn with ease just like others (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). The EYLF curriculum involves providing learning environments that are conducive for children learning with nature, where they have a chance to interact with things that are of interest to them such as playing with mud, plants water and rocks among others. Such elements allow children to interact with nature through taking explorations and risks that satisfy their curiosity to learn more considering that children will always want to explore their environment. This way, an educator can know the children who are ready to learn and those who need more help to learn new things and understand others (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). Children who are seen to withdraw from these activities will be identified as needing extra help in order to interact with others; hence, they can have a better chance for learning (Foo Chaplais, 2008). To ensure that identification of children with additional abilities is met with ease, it is important that the preschool programs be implemented in all states in Australia to cover all children. More so, at the age of pre-school, identification of their needs would help shape their future in academics as well as life (Brown, Frontczak, Hawkins Winchell, 2009). This should be a responsibility of every education department in all the states. The other issue that needs improvement is providing a process that ensures all new borns are assessed of any disability that might hinder learning, to provide families with an opportunity to provide for their additional need. Finally, programs such as EYLF and Commonwealth among education systems should team up to exchange ideas and develop professional educators, as well as develop models that ensure the best education in the early childhood sector (Kronemann, 1999). Communicating concerns to the families should be improved through the process of records and written instruction to families guiding them in what to do to ensure progress as well as how they perform with the rest of the children on regular basis. More still, educators should discuss with families in order to know what needs fit the child better. Early Years Learning Framework has done the right thing in providing a curriculum that helps the educators cater for children in their transition to school. It is very crucial to have this program considering that early detection of children who might need additional help in their learning is a key benefit to their future. Working with the educators and families, children are able to realize their potential, and to the whole community, this increases productivity of all people including those with disabilities, who are the majority requiring additional help. References Brian and Delvin, N. (2004). Supporting Students with Special Education Needs, Especially Those with Multiple Disabilities (Including Deafblindness): A Report from Australia. Australia: Charles Darwin University. Commonwealth of Australia. (2009). Early Years Learning Framework for Australia. Australia: Australian Government Department of Education Employment and Workplace. Foo, A., Chaplais, J. (2008). Efficacy of pre-school surveillance services in identifying children with special needs. Community Practitioner: the Journal of the Community Practitioners’ Health Visitors’ Association, 81 (1): 18-21 Brown, J., Pretti-Frontczak, K., Hawkins, S., Winchell, B. (2009). Addressing Early Learning Standards for All Children Within Blended Preschool Classrooms. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 29 (3): 131-142 Hannell, G. (2006). Identifying children with special needs: Checklists and action plans for teachers. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Corwin Press. Keeves, J. P., Watanabe, R. (2003). International handbook of educational research in the Asia-Pacific region. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Kronemann, (1999). Towards a national Plan for Preschool Education. Australia: Australian Education union. Ongan, A., and Emily, A. (2005). Child development and teaching young children. Southbank, Vic: Thomson Social Science. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2007). Students with disabilities, learning difficulties and disadvantages: Statistics and indicators of OAS countries. Paris, France: OECD Spiker, D., Hebbeler, K., Wagner, M., Cameto, R., McKenna, P. (2000). A Framework for Describing Variations in State Early Intervention Systems. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 20 (4): 195-207. Terzi, L. (2005). Beyond the Dilemma of Difference: The Capability Approach to Disability and Special Educational Needs. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 39 (3): 443-459.

Definition and Examples of a Grammatical Category

Definition and Examples of a Grammatical Category A grammatical category is a class of units (such as noun and verb) or features (such as number and case) that share a common set of characteristics. They are the building blocks of language, allowing us to communicate with one another. There are no hard and fast rules for what defines these shared traits, however, making it difficult for linguists to agree on precisely what is and is not a grammatical category. As the linguist and author R.L. Trask put it, the term category in linguistics is so varied that no general definition is possible; in practice, a category is simply any class of related grammatical objects which someone wants to consider. That said, there are some strategies you can use to group words into categories based on how they function in the English language (think of parts of speech). Identifying Grammar Groups One of the simplest ways to create grammatical categories is by grouping words together based on their class. Classes are word sets that display the same formal properties, such as inflection or verb tense. Put another way, grammatical categories can be defined as sets of words with similar meanings (called semantics). There are two families of classes, lexical and functional. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and adjectives fall into this class. Determiners, particles, prepositions, and other words denoting position or spatial relationships are part of the functional class. Using this definition, you can create grammatical categories like this:   Verbs denote actions (go, destroy, buy, eat,  etc.)Nouns denote entities (car, cat, hill, John,  etc.)Adjectives  denote states (ill, happy, rich,  etc.)Adverbs  denote manner (badly, slowly, painfully, cynically,  etc.)Prepositions  denote location (under, over, outside, in, on,  etc.) Grammar groups can be further divided, depending on a words defining properties. Nouns, for instance, can be further subdivided into  number,  gender,  case, and  countability. Verbs can be  subdivided  by tense,  aspect, or  voice. Grammar Tips Unless youre a linguist, you probably wont spend much time thinking about how words can be classified based on how they function in the English language. But just about anyone can identify basic parts of speech. Be careful, though. Some words have multiple functions, such watch, which can function as both a verb (Watch out over there!) and a noun (My watch is broken.). Other words, such as gerunds, may appear to be one part of speech (a verb) and yet function differently (as a noun). In these cases, youll need to pay close attention to the context in which such words are used in writing or speech. Sources David Crystal,  A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 4th ed. Blackwell, 1997Thomas E. Payne,  Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists. Cambridge University Press, 1997R.L. Trask,  Language and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed., ed. by Peter Stockwell. Routledge, 2007Laurel J. Brinton,  The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000Andrew Radford,  Minimalist Syntax: Exploring the Structure of English. Cambridge University Press, 2004

Allocating resources and costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Allocating resources and costs - Essay Example The aim of resource allocation is mainly on health cost and policy makers who have a great interest in enhancing the flow and transfer of knowledge that relates to both health sector services and business related services (Briggs, 2014). Economically considering laws of demand and supply, there will be no day when there is satisfaction when it comes to availability of sufficient resources that will allow possible means of improving health to be provided to people whom might need to benefit from their services. Whenever there is information regarding improvement in health sector resulting from the allocation of scarce resources, there is always a critical decision-making process to be made on how resources should be allocated. The relationship between resource allocation and cost is always reflected on pricing signals. To allocate scarce resources, the market economy highly depends on price signals which can only be projected by different costing methods. The relationship is that scar ce resources have the potential to command higher costs than abundant resources. It, therefore, means that correct price signals guide users in the following ways; they will use scarce resources to command high cost on highly valued commodity while and uses low costs on lower valued commodities (2014). Therefore, it indicates that when costs are minimally or incorrectly projected, resources users will waste them by using scarce resource for lower valued purposes and leaving abundant resources underutilized.